Climate change is no longer an abstract problem or a distant threat; it is a reality increasingly felt in our society. While often discussed in terms of scientific facts and technological solutions, the core of the problem lies in the political domain. Climate change is essentially a political issue. This perspective provides an important lens for sustainability experts, policymakers, and activists: the key to action lies in political choices and leadership.

Solutions to climate change are technically within reach. We have the knowledge and tools to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, make agricultural systems sustainable, and make cities climate-proof. Yet, the necessary large-scale changes are failing to materialise. Why? 

The question of who bears the burden of climate policies – citizens, businesses, or governments – is inherently political. Fossil fuel subsidies persist because powerful interest groups defend them. Meanwhile, green alternatives are seen as more expensive, creating resistance among voters and policymakers. As a result, half-measures or postponements are often opted for, while the true costs of inaction are misleadingsly.

Frank Biermann – Professor of Global Sustainability Governance at the University of Utrecht –also believes that the reason for lacking change lies in the political arena. In October, he received a prestigious award for his research on the role of political science in global sustainability efforts [1]. Biermann and his colleagues analysed more than 3,000 scientific studies and concluded that the Sustainable Development Goals have had no transformative impacts on societies or the political system [2].

“We need better and more powerful institutions and better politics to deal with the challenges such as climate change” [3]

Biermann’s research emphasises that while global frameworks like the SDGs are valuable for steering discussions, their actual political impact remains limited without strong, binding action. He points to the need for deeper normative and institutional changes, from legislative action to resource redistribution. This demonstrates that transformation cannot be achieved through goodwill and guidelines alone, it requires political courage and collective effort [2].

“Non-binding targets have taken on a more prominent role. Countries are often allowed to determine how ambitious they want to be, [for example with] the Paris Agreement on climate change from 2015 […]. If a goal is not ambitious or not met, there may be some naming and shaming within the UN, but it has no serious consequences” [4].

As a sustainability professional, we should understand the political dimensions of climate change and broader sustainability challenges. Our role goes beyond developing technical solutions and CO₂ reporting; where possible, we should drive policymakers, businesses and civil society towards structural change.

Public engagement plays a crucial role in shaping effective climate policies. Political choices are often influenced by social pressure, and historical changes show how powerful collective action can be. From women’s suffrage to the abolition of apartheid, social movements have repeatedly changed the political agenda [5].

At GreenMarked, we recognize the role sustainability platforms have in mobilising people, raising awareness and encouraging action. Supporting citizens’ initiatives and launching joint campaigns can put pressure on politicians to tackle climate change seriously.

Technological innovation is a crucial part of addressing climate change but without political will, this innovation remains untapped. Climate change and sustainability demand not just new technologies but also fundamental changes to systems, power structures, and international collaboration.

Everyone, from policymakers to citizens, has a role to play in shaping a future that is sustainable and just. Let us recognize the political dimension of climate change and take the necessary steps to bring about the changes we need.

The challenge is great, but the reward is greater: a liveable planet for future generations. Together, let’s move politics and take action.

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